Dr Balázs Orbán earned his law degree from the Faculty of Law at Eötvös Loránd University in 2009, followed by a degree in political science from the same institution in 2011. In 2012, he obtained his doctoral degree from the Doctoral School of Law and Political Sciences at ELTE. In 2014, he completed his LL.M. Master of Laws in codification at the Faculty of Law and Political Sciences at Pázmány Péter Catholic University. He passed the civil registry examination in 2009, the competitive public administration examination in 2010, the public administration professional examination in 2011, and the legal professional examination in 2014.

He began his career at the Ministry of Justice and Law Enforcement in 2009 and joined the Századvég Group as a legal expert at Századvég Economic Research Ltd. in 2012. From January 2013, he was responsible for public law and public policy research at the Századvég Foundation as research director. From 2015 to 2018, he served as director of the Migration Research Institute established by the Századvég Foundation and the Mathias Corvinus Collegium, as well as an adjunct lecturer at Budapest Metropolitan University. Since 2016, he has been an assistant professor at the Ludovika University of Public Service, and since 2018, he has been the chairman of the University's Advisory Board. Also, since 2016, he has been a lecturer at the Mathias Corvinus Collegium, and in 2020, he became the chairman of the Collegium's board of trustees. Since 2018, he has served as Deputy Minister, Parliamentary and Strategic State Secretary at the Prime Minister's Office, and since 2021, he has been the Political Director of the Prime Minister.